In the traditional classroom – i.e., lecture hall – instructors lecture during class time with students reading assignments outside of class beforehand. The flipped classroom reverses the assignments and often even instructor and student roles. Prior to class, students prepare assignments, which usually means reading specified materials and watching videos as in the traditional format, but also perhaps reviewing PowerPoint slides of what would have been presented in the upcoming class session. In class, the instructor devotes the bulk of time to engaging in activities that promote higher-order learning.